OSCE on seizures

1. Differnce between seizures and epilepsy :
Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that can lead to changes in behavior, consciousness, or movements. Epilepsy, on the other hand, is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unprovoked seizures. In simpler terms, seizures are the individual events, while epilepsy refers to the condition of having multiple recurrent seizures over time
2.Status epileptic treatment 
Status epilepticus is a medical emergency characterized by prolonged, continuous seizures or multiple seizures without regaining consciousness in between. It requires immediate intervention. Treatment typically involves administering medications like benzodiazepines (such as diazepam or lorazepam) to stop the seizures, followed by antiepileptic drugs to prevent their recurrence. In severe cases, hospitalization and intensive care may be needed. If you suspect someone is experiencing status epilepticus, seek medical help immediately.

3.Types of seizures 

cal Seizures:
    • Complex Focal Seizures: Consciousness is altered, and the person may exhibit repetitive behaviors or confusion.

  2. Generalized Onset Seizures: These seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain and can be divided into various subtypes:

    • Absence Seizures: Brief lapses of consciousness with minimal movements. Common in children.
    • Tonic Seizures: Muscles stiffen, often causing falls.
    • Clonic Seizures: Repetitive, jerking muscle movements.
    • Tonic-Clonic Seizures: Muscles stiffen, followed by rhythmic jerking. Formerly known as grand mal seizures.
    • Atonic Seizures: Loss of muscle tone, leading to sudden falls.
    • Myoclonic Seizures: Brief, rapid muscle jerks.

  3. Unknown Onset Seizures: In some cases, the exact origin of the seizure is unclear due to limited information.

  4. Epileptic Spasms: Characterized by clusters of sudden bending or flexing movements.

  5. Non-Epileptic Seizures: Also called psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, these are episodes that resemble seizures but are not caused by abnormal brain activity.

  6. Drugs used in epilepsy 

  1. Phenytoin : Used for various seizure types, it stabilizes the neuronal membranes and prevents repetitive firing of neurons.

  2. Carbamazepine : Effective against focal and generalized seizures, it works by reducing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

  3. Valproic Acid : Used for different seizure types, it can also treat mood disorders. It increases levels of a neurotransmitter that dampens nerve activity.

  4. Lamotrigine : Effective for focal and generalized seizures

  5. Lamotrigine : Effective for focal and generalized seizures, it helps control abnormal electrical activity.

  6. Levetiracetam : Used for focal and generalized seizures, it's thought to modulate neurotransmitter release.

  7. Topiramate : Effective against focal and generalized seizures, it works by enhancing the activity of GABA, a neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability.

  8. Oxcarbazepine : Similar to carbamazepine, it's used for focal seizures and helps reduce abnormal brain activity.

Popular posts from this blog

general medicine may assignment

General medicine assignment for may  30/5/2021 Name:  Palle Lokesh Reddy Roll no:103 I have been given the following cases to solve in an  attmept to understand the topic of 'Patient clinical data analysis' to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and diagnosis and coem up with a treatment plan. This is the link of the questions asked regarding the cases:http://medicinedepartment.blogspot.com/021/05/online-blended-bimonthly-assignment.html Below are my answers to the Medicine Assignment based on my comprehension of the case  Pulmonology  A) Link to patient details: https:// soumyanadella128eloggm. blogspot.com/2021/05/a-55- year-old-female-with- shortness-of.html Questions: 1) What is the evolution of the symptomatology in this patient in terms of an event timeline and where is the anatomical localization for the problem and what is the primary etiology of the patient's problem?                 
Read more

acute gastroenteritis

Image
21 year old female who is a student (studying MBA ) came with chief complaints of Vomitings since 3 days and loose  stools since 3 days History of Present illness: Patient was apparently asymptomatic 3 days back .On Sunday , she attended a religious meet in a Church where she had Buttermilk and Chicken for the lunch.After going back to her hostel she developed mild fever and headache. In the evening she had curd rice .At 2.00 AM in the night ,she had two episodes of vomiting and  4 episodes of  loose motions. The vomiting was non-bilious ,non-projectile ,not blood stained and was containing food particles .Stools were watery and not blood stained .She was then taken to a private hospital where she was given some medication ( tablets). Even then ,loose motions were not relieved ,so she was admitted to a nearby Government hospital .Unsatisfied by their treatment ,she moved to our hospital on tuesday .At our hospital ,she was started on IV fluids and Antibiotics. Past history:
Read more